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Last SupperLast Supper © The Bridgeman Art Library

Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci. c. 1494–1498 C.E. Oil and tempera.

Curator Note

"Leonardo’s masterpiece of psychological drama. Instead of the moment of the Eucharist, he paints the moment Christ says, "One of you will betray me." The apostles react with shock and varied emotions. It is a study in human reaction and perfect geometric composition, though the experimental paint he used began causing it to crumble immediately."

Form

  • Experimental oil/tempera mix on dry wall (failed).
  • Linear perspective: Vanishing point at Christ's head.
  • Grouping of figures in threes (pyramids).
  • Chiaroscuro and Sfumato (misty shading).
  • Four tapestries on walls create depth.

Function

  • Dining hall (Refectory) of a monastery.
  • To inspire monks during their silent meals.
  • Commissioned by Duke Sforza of Milan.
  • Study of human emotion.
  • To fix the definitive image of the event.

Content

  • Christ: calm center of the storm.
  • Judas: passing back, in shadow, clutching silver bag.
  • Peter: holding a knife (foreshadowing violent defense).
  • John: swooning.
  • Thomas: pointing finger (doubt).
  • Three windows = Trinity framing Christ.

Context

  • Located in Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan.
  • Leonardo was working for the Duke of Milan.
  • He rarely finished works; this took years.
  • Survived WWII bombing of the church.
  • Restored heavily over centuries.