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George WashingtonGeorge Washington © Buddy Mays/Corbis

George Washington

Jean-Antoine Houdon. 1788–1792 C.E. Marble.

Curator Note

"A life-size marble sculpture of George Washington commissioned by the Virginia legislature. Houdon, a French sculptor, traveled to Mount Vernon to take life measurements. Washington is depicted not as a god or a king, but as a gentleman farmer and a citizen-soldier, reflecting the democratic ideals of the new nation."

Form

  • Neoclassical style but with realistic contemporary dress (uniform).
  • Contrapposto stance, relaxed and natural.
  • White marble, life-size.
  • Detailed carving of textures (fabric, cane, sword).
  • Washington looks slightly to the left, with a fatherly expression.

Function

  • To commemorate Washington as the leader of the American Revolution.
  • To visualize the ideal American leader: humble, civilian, democratic.
  • To stand in the Virginia State Capitol rotunda.
  • To set a precedent for American presidential imagery.
  • To inspire future generations.

Content

  • Fasces (bundle of generic rods): symbol of strength in unity (13 rods for 13 colonies).
  • The sword hangs on the fasces: military power is laid aside.
  • The plowshare behind him: return to farming (Cincinnatus).
  • Civilian clothes: emphasizes he is not a monarch.
  • Missing button on coat: a touch of realism/humanity.

Context

  • Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin recommended Houdon.
  • Washington refused to be depicted in a toga (Roman dress).
  • Houdon took a life mask to ensure perfect likeness.
  • Reflects the "Cincinnatus" archetype: the Roman general who returned to his farm.
  • Symbolizes the peaceful transfer of power.